What is a potential downside of studying with distractions like music or phone calls?

Studying with distractions such as music or phone calls can significantly contribute to fragmented attention. When individuals try to engage in studying while also attending to various external stimuli, their cognitive resources become divided. This division of attention can prevent them from fully concentrating on the material at hand, making it more challenging to absorb and retain information effectively. Research has shown that multitasking, which is often a result of such distractions, can hinder overall academic performance and comprehension, as it forces the brain to switch focus frequently. Therefore, the inclination to study in an environment filled with distractions ultimately results in a less cohesive and effective learning experience.