Which aspects does the standard IQ test primarily measure?

The standard IQ test primarily measures verbal/linguistic and logical/mathematical intelligences because these areas are considered foundational for assessing cognitive abilities and intellectual potential. The verbal component evaluates an individual's understanding and use of language, including vocabulary, reading comprehension, and verbal reasoning skills. The logical/mathematical component assesses problem-solving capabilities, analytical thinking, and mathematical reasoning, which are essential for academic success and many standardized assessments.

These domains have been empirically demonstrated to correlate strongly with various cognitive tasks and academic performance. Consequently, standardized IQ tests are designed around these two intelligences, as they reflect an individual's capacity to process information and apply reasoning in systematic ways, which are critical for academic achievement and many professional endeavors.

The other types of intelligence mentioned in the question, such as emotional, kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, spatial, and existential intelligences, are part of broader theories that explore different facets of human capability but are not the primary focus of traditional IQ tests.